Mendeleev Chemistry Journal
(Zhurnal Ross.Khim.Ob-va im D.I.Mendeleeva)
1995, vol.39, No.2
B. M. Bulychev and I. A. Udod
Linear carbon (carbyne*): approaches to synthesis,
structure identification,and intercalation.
Results
are examiaed of investigations of the third basic (with respect
to degree of hybridization) modification of carbon, carbyne,
with a chain structure of the atomic skeleton. The main
attention is given to problems of the synthesis and
identification of carbyne in a condensed state and also to
problems of the synthesis and strueture of its intercalation
compounds.
V. N. Babin, P. M. Raevskii, K. G. Shchitkov, L. V. Snegur,
and Yu. S. Nekrasov
Antitumor activity of metallocenes
Data on
the antitumor activity of bis(cyclopentadienyl)metals are
analyzed in the paper, and relations between the structure of
these compounds and their physiological effects (relatively high
antitumor activity and low toxicity) are discussed. Possible
molecular mechanisms, responsible for the display of antitumor
activity, are examined. A conclusion is drawn concerning the
completion of the preliminary screening phase of these compounds
and prospects of further development.
G. G. Filippov and A. I. Gorbunov
A new approach to the selection of a practical scale of
atom electronegativities.
N. N. Kulov, V. V. Dil'man, and V. I. Naidenov
Nonlinear phenomena in a viscous liquid.
Nonlinear phenomena are examined, due to the dependence oF
the viscosity of a liquid and its surface tension on temperature
and concentration. In particular, a viscosity "explosion"
(exponential increase in viscosity during convective heat
exchange), autoretardation of the occurrence of an endothermic
chemical reaction, a regime of "corking" of the reactor
(significant increase in hydraulic resistance), and
autooscillating regime of flow of the liquid film upon heat
exchange from the wall or during heat and mass exchange with a
gas, and diffusion-thermal instability of the process of gas
absorption, leading to a sharp increase 'in the rate of gas
absorption, are described. These phenomena are important for a
deeper understanding of the mechanism of a series of
hydrodynamic and heat- and massexchange processes of chemical
technology.
O. V. Dobrocheev
Unstable development of collective systems of
physical-chemical, biological, and social nature.
The similar character of occurrence of fluctuation processes in
physical-chemical, biological, and social systems, consisting of
a large number of particles, was shown on statistical materials
from various fields of science. The theoretical model of the
phenomenon was based on universal regularities of unstable
fluctuation development of collective systems.
A.P. Rudenko
Self-organization and progressive evolution in natural processes
in the aspect of the concept of evolution catalysis.
During the use of the formalism of the quantitative theory
of the existenee, stability, self- organization,
self-organization, self-development, and progressive evolution
of elementary open catalytic systems and nonequilibrium
thermodynamics of working processes, developed on the basis of
the concept of evolution catalysis, principles and regularities,
general for chemical and biological evolution, were established
in energy and kinetic formulations, which can also be in force
in analogous phenomena at other levels of development of matter.
It was shown that two tyyes of self-organization exist:
continuous and coherent; progressive evolution occurs on the
basis of changes in the continuous self-organization.
V. A. Eroshenko
The role of thermodynamic and cosmic factors in
evolution of coral reefs.
An attempt was made from single methodological and
scientific-philosophic positions to explain and construct in a
logical sequence numerous contradictory facts from the life of
coral communities. Coral reefs are regarded as a heterogeneous
highly dispersed system. The basis of t4e approaeh to the
description of the vital activity of coral reefs was concepts of
the co4erence of many phenomena, beginning with intermolecular
interaction and ending with the effect of cosmic factors.
N. N. Oleinikov
Topochemical memory effect: nature and role in the
synthesis of solid-phase substances and materials.
No one doubts that memory is one of the amazing properties
of living matter. The ancient Greeks identified it with the
brightest of their gods -- Mnemosyne, who, according to legend,
was the mother of nine muses, patronizing art and knowledge. And
a simple man, come to question the prophet Triphon about his
fate, saw in his house, the Leibadeiskii Cave, two springs,
Mnemosyne and Leto, against which he could press in order to
remember or forget the facts, heard by him.
A. S.Edigarov
The method of calculation of the
killing zone upon accidental discharges of a toxic gas.
I.G. Filippov, D. V. Potapov, V. G. Gorskii, and V.
A. Chuzhinov
Modeling of the dissemination
of impurities from a stationary source of complex form.
A method of calculation of dissemination of impurities in
the surface layer of the atmosphere is examined, based on the
analytical solution of an equation of turbulent diffusion,
obtained with the use of the apparatus of the theory of Green
functions. Equations are presented for calculation of the
steady-state concentrations, produced by the action of both
point sources of discharges and sources of complex form.
Possibilities of the method are illustrated on the individual
example of calculation of dissemination of hazardous discharges
from the Moscow circumferential highway.